[Spring Boot] PostgreSQL 연결을 위한 JPA 설정

[Spring Boot] PostgreSQL 연결을 위한 JPA 설정 

 

개발환경

• Eclipse IDE 2022-06
• Spring Boot 2.7.2
• Gradle 7.0
• Lombok
• PostgreSQL

 

기본 Spring Boot 프로젝트를 생성 시 JPA를 추가하였거나 build.gradle 파일에 JPA 추가로 지정한 경우 그에 따른 데이터베이스 설정이 없으면 프로젝트 구동 시 아래와 같은 오류가 발생한다.
Spring Boot에서 JPA를 설정하여 PostgeSQL에 연결하는 방법을 알아보자. 

implementation 'org.springframework.boot:spring-boot-starter-data-jpa'

***************************
APPLICATION FAILED TO START
***************************

Description:
Failed to configure a DataSource: 'url' attribute is not specified and no embedded datasource could be configured.
Reason: Failed to determine a suitable driver class

Action:
Consider the following:
	If you want an embedded database (H2, HSQL or Derby), please put it on the classpath.
	If you have database settings to be loaded from a particular profile you may need to activate it (no profiles are currently active).

 

• Package Explorer

 

• build.gradle

plugins {
	id 'org.springframework.boot' version '2.7.2'
	id 'io.spring.dependency-management' version '1.0.12.RELEASE'
	id 'java'
	id 'war'
}

group = 'com.jpa'
version = '0.0.1-SNAPSHOT'
sourceCompatibility = '17'

repositories {
	mavenCentral()
}

dependencies {
	implementation 'org.springframework.boot:spring-boot-starter-web'
	implementation 'org.springframework.boot:spring-boot-starter-data-jpa'
	implementation 'org.postgresql:postgresql'

	compileOnly 'org.projectlombok:lombok'
	annotationProcessor 'org.projectlombok:lombok'
	providedRuntime 'org.springframework.boot:spring-boot-starter-tomcat'
	testImplementation 'org.springframework.boot:spring-boot-starter-test'
}

tasks.named('test') {
	useJUnitPlatform()
}

 

• User.java

package com.example.jpa.persistence.model;

import javax.persistence.Column;
import javax.persistence.Entity;
import javax.persistence.Id;
import javax.persistence.Table;

import org.hibernate.annotations.DynamicUpdate;

import lombok.AccessLevel;
import lombok.Getter;
import lombok.NoArgsConstructor;
import lombok.Setter;

@NoArgsConstructor(access = AccessLevel.PROTECTED)
@Getter
@Entity
@Table(name = "tb_user")
@DynamicUpdate
public class User {

	@Id
	@Column(name = "id")
	private String id;

	@Setter
	@Column(name = "password")
	private String password;

	@Setter
	@Column(name = "name")
	private String name;
}

 

• application.properties

## database
spring.datasource.driver-class-name=org.postgresql.Driver
spring.datasource.url=jdbc:postgresql://xxx.xxx.xxx.xxx:5432/playground
spring.datasource.username=jiurinie
spring.datasource.password=password

## jpa
spring.jpa.show-sql=true
spring.jpa.hibernate.ddl-auto=create
spring.jpa.properties.hibernate.format_sql=true
spring.jpa.properties.hibernate.jdbc.lob.non_contextual_creation=true

## logging
logging.level.org.hibernate.sql=debug
logging.level.org.hibernate.type.descriptor.sql.spi=trace

spring.datasource.driver-class-name : 드라이버 클래스 이름
spring.datasource.url=jdbc:postgresql://[ip]:[port]/[DB name]
spring.datasource.username=[db user name]
spring.datasource.password=[db user password]

spring.jpa.show-sql : 실행 SQL쿼리문 Console 출력 여부
spring.jpa.hibernate.ddl-auto (실제 운영서버에서는 create, create-drop, udpate를 설정 하지 않도록 주의한다.)
  - none : 아무것도 실행하지 않음 (기본값)
  - create : DB Session Factory 연결 시 drop 실행 후 create 
  - create-drop : DB session factory 연결 시 drop 실행 후 create,  DB Session Factory 종료 시 drop
  - update : 변경된 스키마 부분만 수정하여 반영
  - validate : 변경된 스키마 부분 검증하여 출력, 변경된 부분이 있으면 서버 구동 종료
spring.jpa.properties.hibernate.format_sql : 가독성 향상을 위햔 SQL Formatting
spring.jpa.properties.hibernate.jdbc.lob.non_contextual_creation : PostgreSQL 접속시 아래와 같은 경고 출력 제거

Caused by: java.sql.SQLFeatureNotSupportedException:
Method org.postgresql.jdbc.PgConnection.createClob() is not yet implemented

logging.level.org.hibernate.sql : 로깅 모드
logging.level.org.hibernate.type.descriptor.sql.spi : trace로 설정 시 파라미터 출력

 

구동시 아래 출력과 같이 tb_user 테이블이 drop되었다가 다시 create되며 pgAdmin으로 확인하면 tb_user테이블이 생성되어 있다. 

  .   ____          _            __ _ _
 /\\ / ___'_ __ _ _(_)_ __  __ _ \ \ \ \
( ( )\___ | '_ | '_| | '_ \/ _` | \ \ \ \
 \\/  ___)| |_)| | | | | || (_| |  ) ) ) )
  '  |____| .__|_| |_|_| |_\__, | / / / /
 =========|_|==============|___/=/_/_/_/
 :: Spring Boot ::                (v2.7.2)

2022-07-28 15:55:54.686  INFO 5848 --- [           main] com.example.jpa.JpaApplication           : Starting JpaApplication using Java 17.0.3 on USER with PID 5848 (D:\development\workpsace-tistory\jpa\bin\main started by User in D:\development\workpsace-tistory\jpa)
2022-07-28 15:55:54.688  INFO 5848 --- [           main] com.example.jpa.JpaApplication           : No active profile set, falling back to 1 default profile: "default"
2022-07-28 15:55:55.009  INFO 5848 --- [           main] .s.d.r.c.RepositoryConfigurationDelegate : Bootstrapping Spring Data JPA repositories in DEFAULT mode.
2022-07-28 15:55:55.018  INFO 5848 --- [           main] .s.d.r.c.RepositoryConfigurationDelegate : Finished Spring Data repository scanning in 3 ms. Found 0 JPA repository interfaces.
2022-07-28 15:55:55.297  INFO 5848 --- [           main] o.s.b.w.embedded.tomcat.TomcatWebServer  : Tomcat initialized with port(s): 8080 (http)
2022-07-28 15:55:55.304  INFO 5848 --- [           main] o.apache.catalina.core.StandardService   : Starting service [Tomcat]
2022-07-28 15:55:55.304  INFO 5848 --- [           main] org.apache.catalina.core.StandardEngine  : Starting Servlet engine: [Apache Tomcat/9.0.65]
2022-07-28 15:55:55.369  INFO 5848 --- [           main] o.a.c.c.C.[Tomcat].[localhost].[/]       : Initializing Spring embedded WebApplicationContext
2022-07-28 15:55:55.370  INFO 5848 --- [           main] w.s.c.ServletWebServerApplicationContext : Root WebApplicationContext: initialization completed in 655 ms
2022-07-28 15:55:55.477  INFO 5848 --- [           main] o.hibernate.jpa.internal.util.LogHelper  : HHH000204: Processing PersistenceUnitInfo [name: default]
2022-07-28 15:55:55.506  INFO 5848 --- [           main] org.hibernate.Version                    : HHH000412: Hibernate ORM core version 5.6.10.Final
2022-07-28 15:55:55.604  INFO 5848 --- [           main] o.hibernate.annotations.common.Version   : HCANN000001: Hibernate Commons Annotations {5.1.2.Final}
2022-07-28 15:55:55.661  INFO 5848 --- [           main] com.zaxxer.hikari.HikariDataSource       : HikariPool-1 - Starting...
2022-07-28 15:55:55.855  INFO 5848 --- [           main] com.zaxxer.hikari.HikariDataSource       : HikariPool-1 - Start completed.
2022-07-28 15:55:55.873  INFO 5848 --- [           main] org.hibernate.dialect.Dialect            : HHH000400: Using dialect: org.hibernate.dialect.PostgreSQL10Dialect
Hibernate: 
    
    drop table if exists tb_user cascade
Hibernate: 
    
    create table tb_user (
       id varchar(255) not null,
        name varchar(255),
        password varchar(255),
        primary key (id)
    )
2022-07-28 15:55:56.212  INFO 5848 --- [           main] o.h.e.t.j.p.i.JtaPlatformInitiator       : HHH000490: Using JtaPlatform implementation: [org.hibernate.engine.transaction.jta.platform.internal.NoJtaPlatform]
2022-07-28 15:55:56.217  INFO 5848 --- [           main] j.LocalContainerEntityManagerFactoryBean : Initialized JPA EntityManagerFactory for persistence unit 'default'
2022-07-28 15:55:56.240  WARN 5848 --- [           main] JpaBaseConfiguration$JpaWebConfiguration : spring.jpa.open-in-view is enabled by default. Therefore, database queries may be performed during view rendering. Explicitly configure spring.jpa.open-in-view to disable this warning
2022-07-28 15:55:56.429  INFO 5848 --- [           main] o.s.b.w.embedded.tomcat.TomcatWebServer  : Tomcat started on port(s): 8080 (http) with context path ''
2022-07-28 15:55:56.436  INFO 5848 --- [           main] com.example.jpa.JpaApplication           : Started JpaApplication in 1.974 seconds (JVM running for 2.436)

 

PostgreSQL서버에 접근이 불가능하다면 ? 

Windows PostgreSQL서버 외부에서 접속 허용하기

 

pgAdmin4로 PostgreSQL서버 접속하기